Passage 1 (تقرير السفر )
1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families
- How much did people spend on travel in 2005?

Passage 1 (تقرير السفر )
1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families
The third most popular country people visit is………

Passage 5 (شركة حجز خدمات جوية اضافيه )
No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn’t you value the option to tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That’s exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you can book along with your flight, as and when you need them
Which method of travel does the passage talk about?

Passage 4 ( رحلة طيران وهبوط اضطرار ي )
An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230 kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan

The word unscheduled in the passage is closest in meaning to………..

Passage 4 ( رحلة طيران وهبوط اضطرار ي )
An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency landing in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials said. The Airbus A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah airport, around 230 kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan

The flight was going to…………

Passage 3 (القائد البحري العثماني بيري ريس )
1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.
When did Piri Reis give a copy of Kitab-Al- Bahriye to Sultan Suleiman?

Passage 3 (القائد البحري العثماني بيري ريس )
1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.
In which fields did Piri Reis contribute to knowledge?

Passage 3 (القائد البحري العثماني بيري ريس )
1) Piri Reis was a great commander in the Ottoman Turkish navy. He is best known, however, as the author of a famous book on navigation The Science of Ships and Sea Travel. His world maps are even more famous, and he is recognized today for his important contributions to geography
2) In 1525, he presented a copy of his book, Kitab-Al-Bahrye to Sultan Suleiman, the Turkish ruler. It gives detailed information on navigation and contains charts describing in great detail the important ports and cities of the Mediterranean Sea.
3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese, Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in 1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world. including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library of France in Paris.
What is the book of Piri Reis about?

Passage 2 ( اعلان البستاني )
LANDSCAPE GARDENING For residential gardens only.
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation.
Call 4531122 Weekdays only, after 7 PM
Min. SR 50 per hour

When can the gardener be contacted?

Passage 2 ( اعلان البستاني )
LANDSCAPE GARDENING For residential gardens only.
Planting, design, irrigation, innovation.
Call 4531122 Weekdays only, after 7 PM
Min. SR 50 per hour

This gardener wants to work at………

Passage 1 (تقرير السفر )
1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families
To what country do Americans travel the most?

Passage 1 (تقرير السفر )
1) In the year 2000, people spent $3.2 trillion dollars on travel. In 2005, they spent $3.4 trillion. In 2016, they will probably spend about $4.2 trillion. What is the most popular country that people go to? France is the most popular: 62.4 million people went to France in 2006. The United States is the second most popular country to visit: 46.3 million people went there in 2006.Spain was third, with 41.3 million visitors. Italy and Britain came next, and China was sixth.
2) Who travels? Europeans and some Asians travel to other countries the most. But Americans spend the most money in other countries. In 2006, Americans spent 52.6billion in other countries. Germans were next: they spent $49.8 billion in other countries. Japanese were third: they spent $37.0 billion
3) Where do the big spenders go? In 2006, Americans went mostly to Mexico 206) and Canada 136), but they also went to Europe and the Caribbean. Germans went mostly to other countries in Europe, but about 26of them came to the United States. Japanese recycling travelers went all over the world: The United States, Europe, and Asia
4) Why do people travel so much? Some people want to learn about other cultures business immigrants. They travel to their home countries to visit. Some people travel to the United States. many people are their families
Who spends the most money on trips?

Passage 9 (جراحة جديدة لرجل أصيب في حادث سيارة )
1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands. Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22months had passed between his accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

- In Paragraph 2), the word pioneering means that they used ……

Passage 9 (جراحة جديدة لرجل أصيب في حادث سيارة )
1) A man who was paralyzed in a car crash four years ago has regained some use of his hands. Surgeons at Washington University School of Medicine in the U.S. took healthy nerves from other parts of the man and used them to rewire the nerves in his arm.
2) The 71-year-old broke his neck in the accident and was left unable to walk. Though he could still move his arms, he had lost the ability to grasp or hold things in either hand. The university doctors said the pioneering operation may prove to be a breakthrough for some patients with spinal cord injuries.
3) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and the fact that 22months had passed between his accident and the surgery, these results are remarkable.

- The man got injured when………

Passage 7 (تلوث الهواء )
1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. 2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often

-Which word in Paragraph 4) is the opposite of synthetic in meaning?

Passage 7 (تلوث الهواء )
1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. 2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often

-According to Paragraph 1), in the 2009 study, how many chemicals did the researchers find in the indoor air?

Passage 7 (تلوث الهواء )
1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. 2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often

-What is the main idea of Paragraph 1)?

Passage 7 (تلوث الهواء )
1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made) chemicals and gases. There is inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome. 2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma, allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often

-Which paragraph discusses the origins of indoor air Pollution?

Passage 6 ( دمى الماتريوشك ا )
1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin"'s creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris,
where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

-According to Paragraph 3), the idea of nesting dolls most likely started in……….

"Passage 6 ( دمى الماتريوشك ا )
1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, ""Matryona"". The first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin""'s creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris,
where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

-The word carved in Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to………

Passage 6 ( دمى الماتريوشك ا )
1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3 “atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long traditional Russian dress.
2) A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure which separates, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The number of nested figures is traditionally not less than five, but can be much more, up to several dozen with sufficiently fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the fine craftsmanship. Modern dolls often yield an odd number of figures but this is not an absolute rule; the original set, for instance, had an even number. The form is approximately cylindrical, with a rounded to be for the head, tapering toward the bottom.
3) It is believed Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired as no protruding features by a doll from Honshu, the main island of Japan. Sources differ in their descriptions, describing either a round, hollow doll or a nesting doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk.
4) Zvyozdochkin"'s creations were first presented at the Exposition Universal in the year 1900 in Paris,
where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world including to Europe, Asia and America.
5) Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme, and during Perestroika, the leaders of the Soviet Union became a common theme of matryoshkas. In one such example, the largest, outside figure was that of Mikhail Gorbachev, followed by Leonid Brezhnev Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chemenko almost never appear due to the short length of them of their respective terms), Nikita Khushchev, Joseph Stalin and finally the smallest, Vladimir Lenin.

-The best title for this passage is………..

Passage 5 (شركة حجز خدمات جوية اضافيه )
No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn’t you value the option to tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and requirements? That’s exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly practical extra services that you can book along with your flight, as and when you need them
What does the passage give information about?